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Journal of the Electrochemical Society, Vol.161, No.9, H431-H437, 2014
TiO2-WO3 Composite Nanotubes from Co-Sputtered Thin Films on Si Substrate for Enhanced Photoelectrochemical Water Splitting
Electrochemical anodization of a Ti-W nano-composite thin films deposited on a Si substrate by simultaneous magnetron sputtering of Ti and W resulted in the formation of TiO2-WO3 nanotubular arrays. A change in the morphology of TiO2-WO3 composite nanotubes with varying percentage of W in Ti-W composite thin films was observed. With a W density of less than or equal to 1.75 x 10(19) W atoms per cm(3) (after anodization), the morphology of the composite nanotubes were similar to that of plain TiO2 nanotubes. Whereas with further increase in W density resulted in a nanoporous morphology. Ti-W composite films were also deposited on Si substrates with a 100 nm thick layer of tin doped indium oxide (ITO) to examine the PEC activity of the formed oxide composites. The TiO2-WO3 composite nanotubes with 1.05 x 10(19) W atoms per cm(3) (3.15 x 10(18) W atoms per cm(3) before anodization) demonstrated to be an optimal W density for this system, giving rise to 40% increase in photocurrent at 0.5 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) compared to plain TiO2 nanotubes. (C) 2014 The Electrochemical Society. All rights reserved.