Surfactants find applications in a wide variety of industrial processes. Biomolecules that are amphiphilic and partition preferentially at interfaces are classified as biosurfactants. In terms of surface activity, heat and pH stability, many biosurfactants are comparable to synthetic surfactants. Therefore, as the environmental compatibility is becoming an increasingly important factor in selecting industrial chemicals, the commercialization of biosurfactant is gaining much attention. In this paper, the general properties and functions of biosurfactants are introduced. Strategies for development of biosurfactant assay, enhanced biosurfactant production, large scale fermentation, and product recovery are discussed. Also discussed are recent advances in the genetic engineering of biosurfactant production. The potential applications of biosurfactants in industrial processes and bioremediation are presented. Finally, comments on the application of enzymes for the production of surfactants are also made.