A cold-tolerant microbial consortium, which can use nitrobenzene (NB) and aniline (AN) as sole carbon, nitrogen and energy sources, was isolated from an NB and AN contaminated site. Pilot 454 pyrosequencing analysis of the consortium showed that it was mainly made up of Pseudomonas spp. (98%). At 10 degrees C, the consortium degraded the mixture of 50 mg/L NB and 50 mg/L AN at a similar rate as those achieved at 20 degrees C and 30 degrees C. The biodegradation by-products with different initial NB and AN concentrations at 10 degrees C were analyzed. Azobenzene, azoxybenzene and acetanilide were observed in NB and AN mixtures degradation. These by-products are generated by the reaction between different intermediates resulting from the NB and AN degradation as well as the parent compounds. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report confirming the by-products of NB and AN mixture biodegradation by a cold-tolerant microbial consortium. (C) 2013 Published by Elsevier B.V.