We present a new and simple approach to fabricate wafer-scale, thin encapsulated, two-dimensional nanochannels by using conventional surface-micromachining technology and thin-film evaporation. The key steps to the realization of two-dimensional nanochannels are a fine etching of a sacrificial layer to create underetching spaces at the nanometer regime, and an accurate thin-film evaporation for encapsulation. Well-defined cross-sectional, encapsulated nanochannel arrays with dimensions as small as 20 nm in both width and height have been realized at the wafer-scale. The fabricated nanochannels with a channel length of 10 mm have been used as a suitable fluidic platform for confining a solution containing nanomolar concentrations of Alexa fluorescent molecules. Initial results toward visualization of single Alexa molecules in the confined solution are reported. (C) 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved.