This work presents the analysis of the long-term observations of aerosol optical properties in the central region of Argentina. Monitoring of aerosol parameters was carried out at the Cordoba-Chit AERONET site (31 degrees 31' S, 64 degrees 27' W, 730 m.a.s.l.) from November 1999 until December 2010. Long-term measurements of aerosol optical depth, Angstrom exponent, fine mode fraction and single scattering albedo were analyzed and compiled to describe the climatology of the optical properties of the aerosols of the region. The knowledge of the optical properties of aerosols and their spatial distribution is required to evaluate aerosol effects on the climate system. This information provides an opportunity for understanding how aerosols might influence the regional radiation budget. Results show that aerosol optical depth at 340 nm is characterized by low values from February to April (monthly average of 0.15 +/- 0.05), very low values from May to June (monthly average of 0.08 +/- 0.03) and a sustained increase from July to September (monthly average of 0.20 +/- 0.09) reaching a value of 0.26. From this dataset, no long-term trends are observable. Results of the inter-annual variations of the Angstrom exponent between 440 and 870 nm reflect an important difference in the year 2004 compared to the other II years of the study. A possible explanation of this fact is elaborated with the help of back trajectory analysis. Finally, three episodes are described and analyzed, as they produced important increases of the daily aerosol optical depth value. We explained these episodes with a combination of air mass trajectory analysis, meteorology and the MODIS fire counts product. (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.