In this work, we developed a novel composite membrane by anchoring perfluorosulfonic acid into the hydrophilic poly(lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) nanofibrous network which was synthesized by electrospinning method. It was clear that the PLGA/Nafion composite membranes possessed high Nafion loading, excellent dimensional stability and proton transport capacity. When the humidity of the membrane changed from soaking in water to 25 RH% at 90 degrees C, the PLGA fiber network effectively controlled the swelling of Nafion resin and reduced the humidity-generated shrinkage stress from 2.2 MPa (Nafion211 membranes) to 0.5 MPa (PLGA/Nafion composite membranes). The proportion of humidity-induced stress to the yield strength was also reduced to 4.4%, in comparison to 21.2% of that of Nafion211 membrane. The area proton conductivity of the PLGA/Nafion composite membrane achieved 48.2 S cm(-2), compared with 36.0 S cm(-2) of Nafion211 membranes in the same condition. The excellent proton transport capacity greatly improved the performance of fuel cell assembled with PLGA/Nafion composite membranes and effectively reduced the dynamic response time from 22 s (Nafion211 membranes) to 7 s (PLGA/Nafion composite membranes). Copyright (C) 2013, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.