In this study, the feasibility of hydrogen production from alcohol distillery wastewater containing high potassium and sulfate was investigated using an anaerobic sequencing batch reactor (ASBR). The seed sludge taken from an anaerobic tank treating the distillery wastewater was boiled for 15 min before being fed to the ASBR. The ASBR system was operated under different feed chemical oxygen demand (COD) values and different COD loading rates at a mesophilic temperature of 37 degrees C, a controlled pH at 5.5, and a cycle time of 6 cycles per day. When the studied ASBR was operated under the best conditions (providing a maximum hydrogen production efficiency) of a feed COD of 40,000 mg/l, a COD loading rate of 60 kg/m(3) d, and a hydraulic retention time of 16 h, the produced gas was found to contain 34.7% H(2) and 65.3% CO(2), without any methane being detected. Under these best conditions, the specific hydrogen production rate (SHPR) of 270 ml H(2)/g MLVSS d (or 3310 ml H(2)/l d), and hydrogen yield of 172 ml H(2)/g COD removed, were obtained. When the feed COD exceeded 40,000 mg/l, the process performance in terms of hydrogen production decreased because of the potassium and sulfate toxicity. Copyright (C) 2011, Hydrogen Energy Publications, LLC. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.