A plug-in fuel cell hybrid with as little as 20 mile of range from rechargeable hydrogen could displace more than 50% of the gasoline consumed in the US. While the well-to-wheel efficiencies are poor, proper utilization of the grid electricity along with electrical infrastructure modifications would lead to acceptable and sustainable overall efficiencies. The limited-range plug-in option provides a viable transition technology toward a hydrogen refueling infrastructure. The technology is also sustainable and available on a short timeline. (C) 2003 International Association for Hydrogen Energy. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.