In this study, a microbial fuel cell (MFC) was developed to treat waste, produce electricity and to grow microalgae simultaneously. Dead microalgae biomass (a potential pollution vector in streams) was used as a substrate at anode. CO2 generated at anode was used to grow freshwater microalgae at cathode. The performance of microalgae-fed MFC was compared with acetate-fed MFC. The maximum power density of 1926 +/- 21.4 mW/m(2) (8.67 +/- 0.10 W/m(3), at R-ext = 100 Omega) and Coulombic efficiency (CE) of 6.3 +/- 0.2% were obtained at 2500 mg COD/L of microalgae powder (0.5 g/L). Microalgae captured CO2 (5-14%, v/v) to produce a biomass concentration of 1247 +/- 52 mg/L. However, microalgae could not grow in acetate-fed (0.5 g/L) MFC (acetate-control) and without anodic CO2 supplying MFC (CO2-control). (C) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.