Brassica napus L. (canola/oilseed rape) straw presents a suitable alternative combustion fuel due to its availability, relatively high calorific value and low moisture content. Pelletization enabled the bulk density of canola straw to be improved, enhancing its potential as an alternative combustion fuel. The aim of the paper was to determine the effect of on-farm storage on the gross calorific value, ash content, volatile content and elemental composition of canola straw bales (stored for up to 20 months) and pellets (stored for up to 12 months). Statistically significant changes occurred to the elemental composition of straw bales and pellets during on-farm storage, but these changes were not of practical significance in terms of the materials suitability as a combustion fuel. (C) 2012 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.