The electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) of a lithium-ion battery is usually measured at open-circuit state under a constant state-of-charge (SOC). In this way, the differences between charge and discharge cannot be distinguished, because they both occur in one cycle of the alternating current. To explore the differences, in this study, we propose a new implementation method measuring the dynamic EIS (DEIS) of a LiMn2O4/Li half-cell (0.8 mAh) in the galvanostatic mode while the cell is under charging or discharging at a series of direct currents (DC). The results show the charge transfer resistance, Rd, decreases with the increased DC. Also, Rd during charging is usually smaller than that during discharging. The dependency of R-ct on the DC can be explained according to the Butler-Volmer equation. The difference in R-ct between charge and discharge, Delta R-ct, is ascribed to a significant surface concentration variation caused by the DC. (C) 2014 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.