Due to the complexity of dye-sensitized solar cell modules, the conversion efficiency increased slightly over the years of development. The TiO2 photoelectrode, as core part in the module, plays an important role in the overall performance. Here, we conducted series of associative experiments on modification of the TiO2 photoelectrode to achieve a better performance. The paste was prepared using conventional P-25 powder, and the conversion efficiency was found to be increased from the initial 1.41% to 2.48% by optimizing paste additives. Further, a merchandised paste with smaller particle size was introduced to fabricate a double-layer cell with the P-25 paste, followed by a surface treatment with TiCl4. The final result was observed to be quite satisfactory with a sharp increase in the conversion efficiency of 6.51%. (C) 2011 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.