전기자동차용 Ni/MH 전지 Module의 열관리기술

김준범

Journal of the Korean Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.8, No.6, 1034-1040, December, 1997

Export Citation

전기자동차용 Ni/MH 전지 Module의 열관리기술

Thermal Management of a Ni/MH Battery Module for Electric Vehicle

김준범

초록

전기자동차의 동력원으로 사용되는 90Ah급 Nickel/Metal hydride 전지 11개로 구성된 module의 온도특성을 상용 software인 NISAII를 사용하여 해석하였다. 전지 module에 대한 element수를 감축하기 위하여 열전도도가 다른 여러 층을 통하여 전달되는 열흐름에 대한 해석을 전기저항 등가식을 사용하여 단순화하였으며, Cartesian coordinate의 축별로 다른 열전도도를 삽입하는 orthotropic model을 사용하였다. 전지 module의 온도를 낮추기 위하여 알루미늄 재질의 cooling fin을 전지와 전지사이에 삽입하여 실험을 수행하였고, 전지 module최외곽에 위치한 fin에 의한 최고온도의 강하 효과는 미미하다는 결과를 얻었다. 전지 module내 전지별 온도차이를 극소화하기 위하여 cooling fin의 개수와 두께 그리고 측면 fin의 복합적인 영향에 대한 실험을 수행하였으며, 1mm 두께의 알루미늄 fin을 4개 사용하여 module내 전지별 최고온도의 차이를 3℃ 이내로 줄일 수 있었다.

Temperature distribution of battery module consists of 11 batteries of 90Ah rate is analyzed using commercial software NISA II. Equivalent thermal resistance network is used to reduce the number of element in calculating heat transfer through a medium composed of several different thermal conductivity layers. Orthotropic model is used to put different thermal conductivity values according to Cartesian coordinate. Aluminum cooling fins are inserted in the middle of batteries to reduce battery module temperature. The cooling fin at the end of the module does not necessary in reducing maximum temperature. Combined effect of front and side cooling fin is analyzed to reduce the temperature difference among batteries. The maximum temperature difference among batteries is reduced within 3 ℃ when 4 aluminum cooling tin of 1mm thickness is inserted in battery module.

[References]

California Air Resource Board, "Low-Emission Vehicles/Clean Fuels and New Gasoline Specifications-Progress Report," (1989)
Wakefield EH, "History of the Electric Automobile," Society of Automobile Engineers, Inc., Warrendale, Pennsylvania (1994)
Bates B, "Electric Vehicles: a Decade of Transition," Society of Automobile Engineers, Inc., Warrendale, Pennsylvania (1992)
Unnewehr LE, Nasar SA, "Electric Vehicle Technology," John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (1982)
Gidaspow D, Baker BS, AIChE J., 11, 825 (1965)
Lee J, Choi KW, Yao NP, Christianson CC, Accounts Chem. Res., 133, 1287 (1986)
Cho YI, Frank H, Halpert G, J. Power Sources, 21, 183 (1987)
Baumann A, Hauff S, Bolwin K, J. Power Sources, 36, 185 (1991)
"Verification Manuals for NISA II Numerically Integrated Elements for System Analysis," Engineering Mechanics Research Corporation, Troy, Michigan (1996)
Ozisik MN, "Heat Transfer," McGraw-Hill, New York (1985)
Welty IR, Wilson RE, Wicks CE, "Fundamentals of Momentum, Heat, and Mass Transfer," 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (1976)
Bennett CO, Myers JE, "Momentum, Heat, and Mass Transfer," 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York (1982)
Bird RB, Stewart WE, Lightfoot EN, "Transport Phenomena," Wiley International ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (1960)
Falk SU, Salkind AJ, "Alkaline Storage Batteries," John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (1969)
Fellner J, Personal Communication, Wrightpeterson Airforce Base, Dayton, Ohio
Zagrodnik JP, Personal Communication, Johnson Controls Advanced Battery Group, Inc., Butler, Wisconsin
Lim HS, Personal Communication, Hughes Aircraft Co., Los Angeles, California
Perry RH, Chilton CH, "Chemical Engineers Handbook," 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York (1973)
Dean JA, "Lange's Handbook of Chemistry," 13th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York (1985)
Weast RC, "CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics," 1st Student ed., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida (1988)
Schaffer CA, Ind. Eng. Chem., 50, 1585 (1958)
Reid RC, Prausnitz JM, Polling BE, "The Properties of Gases and Liquids," 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York (1987)

[Referenced By]

[1] California Air Resource Board, "Low-Emission Vehicles/Clean Fuels and New Gasoline Specifications-Progress Report," (1989)

[2] Wakefield EH, "History of the Electric Automobile," Society of Automobile Engineers, Inc., Warrendale, Pennsylvania (1994)

[3] Bates B, "Electric Vehicles: a Decade of Transition," Society of Automobile Engineers, Inc., Warrendale, Pennsylvania (1992)

[4] Unnewehr LE, Nasar SA, "Electric Vehicle Technology," John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (1982)

[5] Gidaspow D, Baker BS, AIChE J., 11, 825 (1965)

[6] Lee J, Choi KW, Yao NP, Christianson CC, Accounts Chem. Res., 133, 1287 (1986)

[7] Cho YI, Frank H, Halpert G, J. Power Sources, 21, 183 (1987)

[8] Baumann A, Hauff S, Bolwin K, J. Power Sources, 36, 185 (1991)

[9] "Verification Manuals for NISA II Numerically Integrated Elements for System Analysis," Engineering Mechanics Research Corporation, Troy, Michigan (1996)

[10] Ozisik MN, "Heat Transfer," McGraw-Hill, New York (1985)

[11] Welty IR, Wilson RE, Wicks CE, "Fundamentals of Momentum, Heat, and Mass Transfer," 2nd ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (1976)

[12] Bennett CO, Myers JE, "Momentum, Heat, and Mass Transfer," 3rd ed., McGraw-Hill, New York (1982)

[13] Bird RB, Stewart WE, Lightfoot EN, "Transport Phenomena," Wiley International ed., John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (1960)

[14] Falk SU, Salkind AJ, "Alkaline Storage Batteries," John Wiley & Sons, Inc., New York (1969)

[15] Fellner J, Personal Communication, Wrightpeterson Airforce Base, Dayton, Ohio

[16] Zagrodnik JP, Personal Communication, Johnson Controls Advanced Battery Group, Inc., Butler, Wisconsin

[17] Lim HS, Personal Communication, Hughes Aircraft Co., Los Angeles, California

[18] Perry RH, Chilton CH, "Chemical Engineers Handbook," 5th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York (1973)

[19] Dean JA, "Lange's Handbook of Chemistry," 13th Ed., McGraw-Hill, New York (1985)

[20] Weast RC, "CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics," 1st Student ed., CRC Press, Inc., Boca Raton, Florida (1988)

[21] Schaffer CA, Ind. Eng. Chem., 50, 1585 (1958)

[22] Reid RC, Prausnitz JM, Polling BE, "The Properties of Gases and Liquids," 4th ed., McGraw-Hill, New York (1987)