Ferrate(VI) ion has the formula FeO42-, and possesses unique properties, vs. strong oxidising potential and simultaneous generation of ferric coagulating species. For this reason, a number of studies have been carried out to investigate the preparation, characterisation and application of ferrate(VI) for water and wastewater treatment. These studies revealed that ferrate(VI) can disinfect microorganisms, partially degrade and/or oxidise organic and inorganic impurities, and remove suspended/colloidal particulate materials in a single dosing and mixing unit process. Most recently, research groups globally have reported using ferrate(VI) to treat emerging micropollutants in water purification processes. Work has not only been limited to fundamental studies but has been driven by the ideas of putting the application of ferrate(VI) into practice; the advantages of the application of ferrate(VI) over existing water and wastewater treatment methods should be shown as should other benefits to the water industry of its use. This paper thus reviews advances in the preparation and use of ferrate(VI), discusses the potential full scale application of ferrate(VI) in water purification and recommends required future research in order to implement ferrate(VI) in practice. (c) 2013 Society of Chemical Industry