Aims: Consumers' demand for innovative probiotic products has recently increased. In previous studies, chestnuts were evaluated as substrate for the growth of lactobacilli and chestnut extract was found to enhance acid tolerance of probiotic strains. The main objectives of this study were to evaluate the suitability of chestnut extract as carrier for spray drying of two probiotic Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains and to develop a probiotic food chestnut based. Methods and Results: The optimal settings for the spray-drying processes were defined and the loads of undamaged cells in the dried powders were quantified. Spray-dried cultures were incorporated into an anhydrous basis for chestnut mousse developed ad hoc. In this form, viable cells remained stable over 10(8) CFUg(-1) during a 3 months long storage at 15 degrees C. Sensorial analysis did not highlighted significant differences (P < 0.05) in preference between probiotic-supplemented and control mousses. Conclusions: Results suggest that chestnut mousse, a food product naturally rich in antioxidant compounds, may represent an excellent carrier for probiotics delivering. Significance and Impact of the Study: To authors' knowledge, this is the first information on the survival of lactobacilli in an anhydrous basis for dessert.