Bowl-like carbon particles with a controlled morphology and porous structure were synthesized via carbonization of the post-treated polymer composite particles. The obtained bowl-like carbon particles had a uniform, monodisperse and mesoporous structure with a narrow pore size distribution. The pH value in the post-treatment process played an important role in the formation of the bowl-like morphology and had a remarkable influence on the pore structure, which can control the morphology and pore structure of the carbon particles.