Carbonation reaction is decisive in the process of production of alkali-containing additives and lubricants. Water-in-oil micro(nano)emulsion consisting of methanol-water and toluene-oil phases provides the optimum conditions for occurrence of this reaction. It is shown that carbonation occurs via either of two mechanisms, namely, provaterite mechanism with formation of oil-soluble highly alkaline additives or procalcite mechanism with formation of thixotropic superalkaline lubricants. Complex sulfonate (CSL), alkyl salicylate (CAL), and phenolate (CPL) lubricants were obtained from simple superalkaline lubricants. The size and structure of the micelles, i.e., the particles of the disperse phase of the superalkaline lubricants, were determined by electron-microscopic and X-ray diffraction analysis.