The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of microwave pretreatment on the solubilisation and anaerobic digestion of microalgae-bacterial biomass cultivated in high rate algal ponds for wastewater treatment. The microwave pretreatment comprised three specific energies (21,800, 43,600 and 65,400 kJ/kg TS), combining three output power values with different exposure times. Response surface analysis showed that the main parameter influencing biomass solubilisation was the applied specific energy. Indeed, a similar solubilisation increase was obtained for the same specific energy, regardless of the output power and exposure time (280-350% for 21,800 kJ/kg TS, 580-610% for 43,600 kJ/kg TS and 730-800% for 65,400 kJ/kg TS). In biochemical methane potential tests, the initial biogas production rate (27-75% increase) and final biogas yield (12-78% increase) were higher with pretreated biomass. A linear correlation was found between biomass solubilisation and biogas yield. It can be concluded that microwave irradiation enhanced the disintegration and digestibility of microalgae. (c) 2013 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.