Recovery of tungsten carbide from hard material sludge by oxidation and carbothermal reduction process

Woo-Gwang Jung

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.20, No.4, 2384-2388, July, 2014

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2013.10.017 Export Citation

Recovery of tungsten carbide from hard material sludge by oxidation and carbothermal reduction process

Woo-Gwang Jung^†

School of Advanced Materials Engineering, Kookmin University, 861-1 Jeongneung-dong, Seongbuk-gu, Seoul 136-702, Republic of Korea

E-mail:

Optimum condition for the oxidation and reduction of WC-Co sludge was investigated for a low-cost and environmentally friendly recycling process. Upon oxidation, WC and Co in the sludge were converted to WO2, WO3, and CoWO4. Subsequently, carbon powder was mixed with oxidized sludge. The carbothermal reduction of the mixture of oxidized sludge and carbon powder was carried out in Ar atmosphere. The reduced products were further analyzed using XRD. Based on the XRD analysis and thermodynamic point of view, the possible reactions involved in the carbothermal reduction were proposed. The influence of the carbon mixing ratio and temperature was analyzed.

Keywords:Tungsten carbide;Hard materials;Sludge;Recycling;Carbothermal reduction

[References]

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Heshmatpour B, McDonald RE, J. Less Common Met., 86, 121 (1982)
Lassner E, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 13, 35 (1995)
Vadasdi K, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 13, 45 (1995)
Lin JC, Lin JY, Jou SP, Hydrometallurgy, 43, 47 (1996)
Sasai R, Inagaki F, Gao NF, Itoh H, J. Soc. Mater. Sci. Jpn., 55, 254 (2006)
Malyshev VV, Gab AI, Theor. Found. Chem. Eng., 41, 436 (2007)
Lee JC, Kim E, Kim JH, Kim W, Kim BS, Pandey BD, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 29, 365 (2011)
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Ishida T, Itakura T, Moriguchi H, Ikegaya A, SEI Tech. Rev.(75), 38 (2012)
Keiffer BF, Metal Powder Rep., 38, 667 (1983)
Manninen H, Totolidis D, Diderrich E, Magnee A, Coutsouradis D, Boisot P, Met. Powder Rep., 44, 839 (1989)
Park MG, Han JK, J. Korean Inst. Met. Mater., 30, 996 (1992)
Venkateswaran S, Schubert WD, Lux B, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 14, 263 (1996)
Pee JH, Kim YJ, Sung NE, Hwang KT, Cho WS, Kim KJ, J. Korean Ceram. Soc., 48, 173 (2011)
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Im HS, Hur JM, Lee WJ, Mater. Sci. Forum, 534-536, 1149 (2007)
Lee DR, Lee WJ, Mater. Sci. Forum, 534-536, 1185 (2007)
Shi X, Yang H, Shao G, Duan X, Wang S, Ceram. Int., 34, 2043 (2008)
Liu WB, Song XY, Zhang JX, Zhang GZ, Liu XM, Mater. Chem. Phys., 109(2-3), 235 (2008)
Liu W, Song X, Zhang J, Zhang G, Liu X, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 27, 115 (2009)
Faga MG, Mattioda R, Settineri L, CIRP Ann. Manuf. Technol., 59, 133 (2010)
Joost R, Pirso J, Viljus M, Letunovits S, Juhani K, Estonian J. Eng., 18, 127 (2012)
Paul RL, Te Riele WAM, Nicol MJ, Int. J. Miner. Process., 15, 41 (1985)
Sampath, Sudarshan TS, Powder Metall., 45, 21 (2002)
Kojima T, Shimizu T, Sasai R, Itoh H, J. Mater. Sci., 40(19), 5167 (2005)
Kang MC, Kim MW, Kwon DH, Park ID, Jeong YK, Korean J. Mater. Res., 18(12), 635 (2008)
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Kubaschewski O, Alcock CB, Metallurgical Thermochemistry, 5th ed., Pergamon Press, New York, 1979p. 378.

[Related Articles]

[1] http://encyclopedia2.thefreedictionary.com/

[2] http://www.itia.info/

[3] http://metalbulletin.com/

[4] Kieffer BF, Lassner E, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 7(2), 63 (1988)

[5] Lassner E, Schubert WD, Tungsten: Properties, Chemistry, Technology of the Element, Alloys, and Chemical Compounds, Plenum Publishers, New York, 1999 p. 184, 380.

[6] Kieffer BF, in: Proceedings of International Tungsten Symposium - Tungsten - 1982, 2d, San Francisco, June 1-5, Mining Journal Books Ltd., London, United Kingdom, (1982), p. 102.

[7] Kieffer BF, Lassner E, in: Proceedings of International Tungsten Symposium - Tungsten - 1987, 4th, Vancouver, Canada, September 7.10, MPR Publishing Services Ltd., London, United Kingdom, (1987), p. 59.

[8] Stjernberg K, Johnson J, in: Proceedings of 1998 International Conference on Powder Metallurgy and Particulate Materials, pt. 1, Las Vegas, May 31 - June 4, Metal Powder Industries Federation and APMI International, Princeton, NJ, (1998), p. 173.

[9] Heshmatpour B, McDonald RE, J. Less Common Met., 86, 121 (1982)

[10] Lassner E, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 13, 35 (1995)

[11] Vadasdi K, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 13, 45 (1995)

[12] Lin JC, Lin JY, Jou SP, Hydrometallurgy, 43, 47 (1996)

[13] Sasai R, Inagaki F, Gao NF, Itoh H, J. Soc. Mater. Sci. Jpn., 55, 254 (2006)

[14] Malyshev VV, Gab AI, Theor. Found. Chem. Eng., 41, 436 (2007)

[15] Lee JC, Kim E, Kim JH, Kim W, Kim BS, Pandey BD, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 29, 365 (2011)

[16] Shibata J, Murayama N, Niinae M, Furuyama T, J. Jpn. Inst. Met., 75, 613 (2011)

[17] Ishida T, Itakura T, Moriguchi H, Ikegaya A, SEI Tech. Rev.(75), 38 (2012)

[18] Keiffer BF, Metal Powder Rep., 38, 667 (1983)

[19] Manninen H, Totolidis D, Diderrich E, Magnee A, Coutsouradis D, Boisot P, Met. Powder Rep., 44, 839 (1989)

[20] Park MG, Han JK, J. Korean Inst. Met. Mater., 30, 996 (1992)

[21] Venkateswaran S, Schubert WD, Lux B, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 14, 263 (1996)

[22] Pee JH, Kim YJ, Sung NE, Hwang KT, Cho WS, Kim KJ, J. Korean Ceram. Soc., 48, 173 (2011)

[23] Lee GG, Kwon HS, Ha GH, J. Korean Powder Metall. Inst., 11, 111 (2004)

[24] Lee GG, Ha GH, J. Korean Powder Metall. Inst., 12, 112 (2005)

[25] Im HS, Hur JM, Lee WJ, Mater. Sci. Forum, 534-536, 1149 (2007)

[26] Lee DR, Lee WJ, Mater. Sci. Forum, 534-536, 1185 (2007)

[27] Shi X, Yang H, Shao G, Duan X, Wang S, Ceram. Int., 34, 2043 (2008)

[28] Liu WB, Song XY, Zhang JX, Zhang GZ, Liu XM, Mater. Chem. Phys., 109(2-3), 235 (2008)

[29] Liu W, Song X, Zhang J, Zhang G, Liu X, Int. J. Refract. Met. Hard Mater., 27, 115 (2009)

[30] Faga MG, Mattioda R, Settineri L, CIRP Ann. Manuf. Technol., 59, 133 (2010)

[31] Joost R, Pirso J, Viljus M, Letunovits S, Juhani K, Estonian J. Eng., 18, 127 (2012)

[32] Paul RL, Te Riele WAM, Nicol MJ, Int. J. Miner. Process., 15, 41 (1985)

[33] Sampath, Sudarshan TS, Powder Metall., 45, 21 (2002)

[34] Kojima T, Shimizu T, Sasai R, Itoh H, J. Mater. Sci., 40(19), 5167 (2005)

[35] Kang MC, Kim MW, Kwon DH, Park ID, Jeong YK, Korean J. Mater. Res., 18(12), 635 (2008)

[36] Kim JA, Dodbiba G, Okaya K, Matsuo S, Nishimura K, Fujita T, Mater. Trans., 52, 1471 (2011)

[37] Kubaschewski O, Alcock CB, Metallurgical Thermochemistry, 5th ed., Pergamon Press, New York, 1979p. 378.