화학공학소재연구정보센터
홈 로그인 로그아웃 연락처 사이트맵
Macromolecular Research, Vol.22, No.1, 92-98, January, 2014
DOI10.1007/s13233-014-2007-z  Export Citation
Sulfonation of PIM-1 - towards highly oxygen permeable binders for fuel cell application
Byoung Gak Kim1, 2, Dirk Henkensmeier1, 3, †, Hyoung-Juhn Kim1, 3, Jong Hyun Jang1, 3, Suk Woo Nam1, 3, and Tae-Hoon Lim1, 3
  • 1Fuel Cell Research Center, Korea Institute of Science and Technology, Seoul, 136-791, Korea
  • 2Division of Advanced Materials, Korea Research Institute of Chemical Technology, Daejeon, 305-600, Korea
  • 3, Korea
E-mail:
The development of alternative, non-fluorinated membranes for polymer electrolyte membrane fuel cells necessitates the co-development of a non-fluorinated electrode catalyst binder to ensure compatibility between membrane and electrode. However, most hydrocarbon based polymers have lower gas permeability than perfluorinated Nafion. In this work we tried to obtain a sulfonated, non-fluorinated binder based on PIM-1 (polymer of intrinsic microporosity 1) which has up to 2000 times higher permeability than Nafion. However, sulfonation was not straightforward and often led to degradative side reactions. Sulfonated polymers were too brittle to give stable membranes and the highest experimental IEC was 1.03 meq/g, significantly lower than the theoretical IEC of 3.2 meq/g (2 sulfonic acid groups per repeat unit).
Keywords:sulfonation;electrode binder;PIM;polymer of intrinsic microporosity;polymer electrolyte fuel cell (PEFC)
  1. Smitha B, Sridhar S, Khan AA, J. Membr. Sci., 259(1-2), 10 (2005)
  2. Meier-Haack J, Taeger A, Vogel C, Schlenstedt K, Lenk W, Lehmann D, Sep. Purif. Technol., 41(3), 207 (2005)
  3. Hickner MA, Ghassemi H, Kim YS, Einsla BR, McGrath JE, Chem. Rev., 104(10), 4587 (2004)
  4. Shin CK, Lee BK, Tae YJ, Chang JH, Choi SH, Kim EJ, Henkensmeier D, KR Patent 10-2005-0098325 (2007).
  5. Lee CH, Lee SY, Lee YM, Lee SY, Rhim JW, Lane O, McGrath JE, ACS Appl. Mater. Interfaces, 1, 1113 (2009)
  6. Easton EB, Astill TD, Holdcroft S, J. Electrochem. Soc., 152(4), A752 (2005)
  7. Sambandam S, Ramani V, Electrochim. Acta, 53(22), 6328 (2008)
  8. Yoda T, Shimura T, Bae B, Miyatake K, Uchida M, Uchida H, Watanabe M, Electrochim. Acta, 54(18), 4328 (2009)
  9. Chu XM, Hu YF, Li JG, Liang QQ, Liu YS, Mang XM, Peng XM, Yue WJ, Chin. J. Chem. Eng., 16(6), 881 (2008)
  10. Budd PM, Elabas ES, Ghanem BS, Makhseed S, McKeown NB, Msayib KJ, Tattershall CE, Wang D, Adv. Mater., 14, 456 (2004)
  11. Budd PM, McKeown NB, Ghanem BS, Msayib KJ, Fritsch D, Starannikova L, Belov N, Sanfirova O, Yampolskii Y, Shantarovich V, J. Membr. Sci., 325(2), 851 (2008)
  12. Fontananova E, Trotta F, Jansen JC, Drioli E, J. Membr. Sci., 348(1-2), 326 (2010)
  13. Kawakami J, Bikson B, Gotz G, Ozcayir Y, US Patent 4,971,695 (1990).
  14. Ahn J, Chung WJ, Pinnau I, Song JS, Du NY, Robertson GP, Guiver MD, J. Membr. Sci., 346(2), 280 (2010)
  15. Blanco JF, Nguyen QT, Schaetzel P, J. Appl. Polym. Sci., 84(13), 2461 (2002)
  16. Heinrich K, Polymere mit intrinsischer Mikroporositat - Membranmaterialien mit Zukunft, GKSS report 2009/6, Dissertation at Christian-Albrechts-Universitat zu Kiel.
  17. Xu TW, Yang WH, He BL, Chin. J. Polym. Sci., 20, 53 (2002)
  18. Genova-Dimitrova P, Baradie B, Foscallo D, Poinsignon C, Sanchez JY, J. Membr. Sci., 185(1), 59 (2001)
  19. Li L, Liu B, Liu S, Liu Z, Yu Y, Jing L, Jiang Z, Macromol. Res., 21(7), 719 (2013)
  20. Xu F, Zheng SZ, Luo YL, Chen TT, Macromol. Res., 21(9), 977 (2013)
  21. Du NY, Park HB, Robertson GP, Dal-Cin MM, Visser T, Scoles L, Guiver MD, Nat. Mater., 10(5), 372 (2011)
  22. Dei A, Sorace L, J. Chem. Soc.-Dalton Trans., 3382 (2003)
  23. Du NY, Robertson GP, Song JS, Pinnau I, Guiver MD, Macromolecules, 42(16), 6038 (2009)
  24. Johnson BC, Yilgor I, Tran C, Iqbal M, Wightman TJP, Lloyd DR, Mcgrath JE, J. Polym. Sci. A: Polym. Chem., 22, 721 (1984)
  25. Chen WF, Lin HY, Dai SA, Org. Lett., 6, 2341 (2004)