The direct alpha-amination of ketones, esters, and aldehydes has been accomplished via copper catalysis. In the presence of catalytic copper(II) bromide, a diverse range of carbonyl and amine substrates undergo fragment coupling to produce synthetically useful alpha-amino-substituted motifs. The transformation is proposed to proceed via a catalytically generated alpha-bromo carbonyl species; nucleophilic displacement of the bromide by the amine then delivers the alpha-amino carbonyl adduct while the catalyst is reconstituted. The practical value of this transformation is highlighted through one-step syntheses of two high-profile pharmaceutical agents, Plavix and amfepramone.