Journal of Physical Chemistry A, Vol.117, No.40, 10333-10345, 2013
Triplet State Formation in Photoexcited Slip-Stacked Perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) Dimers on a Xanthene Scaffold
Two covalent perylene-3,4:9,10-bis(dicarboximide) (PDI) dimers in which the PDI molecules are attached to a xanthene (Xan) scaffold in which the long axes of the two pi-pi stacked PDI molecules are slipped by 4.3 and 7.9 angstrom were prepared. These dimers are designed to mimic J-aggregates and provide insights into the photophysics of triplet state formation in PDI aggregates that target organic electronics. Using ultrafast transient absorption and stimulated Raman spectroscopy, the mechanism of 3*PDI formation was found to depend strongly on a competition between the rate of Xan(circle+)-PDI circle- formation involving the spacer group and the rate of excimer-like state formation. Which mechanism is favored depends on the degree of electronic coupling between the two PDI molecules and/or solvent polarity. Singlet exciton fission to produce 3*PDI does not compete kinetically with these processes. The excimer-like state decays relatively slowly with tau = 28 ns to produce 3*PDI, while charge recombination of Xan(circle+)-PDI circle- yields 3*PDI more than an order of magnitude faster. The perpendicular orientation between the pi orbitals of PDI and the Xan bridge provides a large enough orbital angular momentum change to greatly increase the intersystem crossing rate via Xan(circle+)-PDI circle- -> (3)*PDI charge recombination. These results highlight the importance of understanding inter-chromophore electronic coupling in a wide range of geometries as well as the active role that molecular spacers can play in the photophysics of covalent models for self-assembled chromophore aggregates.