The coal pitch-water slurry was prepared using coal pitch powder of Alfred particle size distribution, dispersant, and electrolytes solution with different concentrations. The effects of electrolytes on the zeta potential of coal pitch surface, slurry ability of coal pitch, rheological behavior, and stability of coal pitch-water slurry were studied in this article. The results show that the zeta potential of coal pitch surface decreases and then increases with increasing the concentration of NaCl and CaCl2, while that increases and then decreases with increasing the concentration of AlCl3. The changing trend of the apparent viscosity of coal pitch-water slurry is reverse with that of the zeta potential. The rheological behavior of coal pitch-water slurry is improved with the addition of NaCl, CaCl2, and AlCl3. The stability of coal pitch-water slurry is improved distinctly with the addition of NaCl and CaCl2 and not changed much with the addition of AlCl3.