Energy & Fuels, Vol.27, No.10, 5962-5974, 2013
Techno-Economic Analysis of Biomethanol Production via Hybrid Steam Reforming of Glycerol with Natural Gas
The present article deals with the techno-economic assessment of the hybrid steam reforming (HSR) process of glycerol (obtained via transesterification) together with natural gas to produce biomethanol via the synthesis gas route. In this techno-economic assessment, a model is developed in the UniSim Design Suite process simulator using different glycerol amounts up to similar to 54% (on a carbon basis) together with natural gas to produce synthesis gas at reforming conditions of 900 degrees C, S/C similar to 3. The techno-economic analysis shows that at the current market scenario (Oct-Dec 2012) with a natural gas price of 0.2 (sic)/Nm(3) and with an assumed glycerol price of 200 (sic)/tonne, the average cost of biomethanol is estimated as similar to 433 (sic)/tonne for a feed of similar to 54 wt % of glycerol (on a carbon basis) with natural gas, which is similar to 75 (sic)/tonne higher than for the methanol obtained via only natural gas steam reforming. It is concluded that biomethanol from a HSR process becomes more attractive when the natural gas price exceeds 0.45 (sic)/Nm(3) or when glycerol is available at lesser than 90 (sic)/tonne. Splitting the production capacity in methanol and biomethanol according to the feed composition would result in a price of 358 (sic)/tonne and 470-500 (sic)/tonne of methanol and biomethanol, respectively, depending on the amount of glycerol in the feed. This means that currently, biomethanol is not competitive with methanol unless special arrangements are made (regulations, subsidies) to promote the use of biomethanol. For example, the EC Renewable Energy Directive(1) states that the energy content of biofuels from wastes and residues (for instance crude glycerol) counts double. From the sensitivity analysis, it is concluded that feedstock prices and total capital investment have major influence on the final product value of biomethanol. Furthermore, it is concluded that at the current price scenario, utilizing glycerol either in the furnace or in the reformer has no effect on the cost price. However, burning is not an option since the biomethanol will not contain the required C-14 isotope.