DC electrical conductivity of nano-composite polystyrene-titanium-arsenate membrane

Tanvir Arfin; Faruq Mohammad

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.19, No.6, 2046-2051, November, 2013

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2013.03.019 Export Citation

DC electrical conductivity of nano-composite polystyrene-titanium-arsenate membrane

Tanvir Arfin^{1, †}, and Faruq Mohammad^{2, 3}

¹PGM Group, Chemical Resource Beneficiation (CRB) Research Focus Area, North-West University, Private Bag X6001, Potchefstroom 2520, South Africa
²Center for Advanced Microstructures & Devices, Louisiana State University, 6980 Jefferson Highway, Baton Rouge, LA 70806, USA
³Department of Environmental Toxicology, Southern University and A&M College, Baton Rouge, LA 70813, USA

E-mail:

In continuation to our previous work with nano-composite polystyrene-titanium-arsenate (PS-Ti-As), we further extended the characterization by means of DSC, TEM and mercury porosimetry measurements. In addition to the extended characterization, we also investigated the DC electrical conductivity behaviour of the PS.Ti.As composite membrane under different time, temperature and electrolyte conditions. The conductivity of the membrane investigated in the temperature region of 30-200 ℃ using a four-in-line probe DC measurement and in the semi-conductor region of 10^(-5)- 10^(-3) S cm^(-1), found to obey the Arrhenius equation. From the time and temperature dependent conductivity studies on the HCl doped composite, it was observed that the conductivity increases with increase of temperature until 100 ℃ and further decreased with time during 120-160 ℃, which can be attributed to the loss of HCl dopant molecules and blocking of the chemical reactions associated with the dopant. Further, we studied the stability of DC electrical conductivity retention in an oxidative environment by two slightly different techniques viz. isothermal and cyclic.

Keywords:Polystyrene.titanium.arsenate composite;DC electrical conductivity;Differential scanning calorimetry (DSC);Transmission electron microscopy (TEM);Porosity

[References]

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MacDiarmind AG, Yang LS, Huang WS, Humphrey BD, Synthetic Metals., 18, 393 (1987)
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Roth S, Graupner W, Synthetic Metals., 57, 3623 (1993)
Chunhui S, Mu P, Runzhang Y, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy., 33, 1035 (2008)
Arfin T, Rafiuddin, Electrochim. Acta, 54(27), 6928 (2009)
Arfin T, Rafiuddin, Electrochim. Acta, 55(28), 8628 (2010)
Zuo F, Angelopoulos M, MacDiarmid AG, Epstein AJ, Physical Review B., 36, 3475 (1987)
Nalwa HS, Handbook of Advanced Electronic and Photonic Materials and Devices, Academic Press, New York, 321 (2001)
Cuevas FG, Montes JM, Cintas J, Urban P, Journal of Porous Materials., 16, 675 (2009)
Arfin T, Rafiuddin, Desalination., 284, 100 (2012)
Arfin T, Rafiuddin, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry., 636, 113 (2009)
Nowak M, Rughooputh SDDV, Hotta S, Heeger AJ, Macromolecules., 20, 965 (1987)
Kobaysahi A, Ishikawa H, Amano K, Satoh M, Hasegawa E, Journal of Applied Physics., 74, 296 (1993)
Yaroshchuk A, Transport Properties of Nano-Porous Track-Etched Membranes in Electrolyte Solutions, RSC Publishing, London (2012)
Blakemore JS, Solid State physics, 2nd ed., W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia (1974)
Du G, Avlyanov J, Wu CY, Reimer KG, Benatar A, MacDiarmid AG, Epstein AJ, Synthetic Metals., 85, 1339 (1997)
Salem MA, Turkish Journal of Physics., 27, 569 (2003)
Goodall R, Weber L, Mortensen A, Journal of Applied Physics., 100, 044912 (2003)

[1] Cao G, Nanostructures and Nanomaterials. Synthesis, Properties and Applications, Imperial College Press, London (2004)

[2] Murty BS, Shankar P, Raj B, Rath BB, Murday J, Applications of Nanomaterials, Springer, Berlin, Heidelberg, 107 (2013)

[3] MacDiarmid AG, Epstein AJ, Faraday Discussions of the Chemical Society., 88, 317 (1989)

[4] MacDiarmind AG, Yang LS, Huang WS, Humphrey BD, Synthetic Metals., 18, 393 (1987)

[5] Lan-sheng Y, Zhong-qiang S, Ye-dong L, Journal of Power Sources., 34, 141 (1991)

[6] Angelopoulos M, IBM Journal of Research and Development., 45, 57 (2001)

[7] Roth S, Graupner W, Synthetic Metals., 57, 3623 (1993)

[8] Chunhui S, Mu P, Runzhang Y, International Journal of Hydrogen Energy., 33, 1035 (2008)

[9] Arfin T, Rafiuddin, Electrochim. Acta, 54(27), 6928 (2009)

[10] Arfin T, Rafiuddin, Electrochim. Acta, 55(28), 8628 (2010)

[11] Zuo F, Angelopoulos M, MacDiarmid AG, Epstein AJ, Physical Review B., 36, 3475 (1987)

[12] Nalwa HS, Handbook of Advanced Electronic and Photonic Materials and Devices, Academic Press, New York, 321 (2001)

[13] Cuevas FG, Montes JM, Cintas J, Urban P, Journal of Porous Materials., 16, 675 (2009)

[14] Arfin T, Rafiuddin, Desalination., 284, 100 (2012)

[15] Arfin T, Rafiuddin, Journal of Electroanalytical Chemistry., 636, 113 (2009)

[16] Nowak M, Rughooputh SDDV, Hotta S, Heeger AJ, Macromolecules., 20, 965 (1987)

[17] Kobaysahi A, Ishikawa H, Amano K, Satoh M, Hasegawa E, Journal of Applied Physics., 74, 296 (1993)

[18] Yaroshchuk A, Transport Properties of Nano-Porous Track-Etched Membranes in Electrolyte Solutions, RSC Publishing, London (2012)

[19] Blakemore JS, Solid State physics, 2nd ed., W.B. Saunders Company, Philadelphia (1974)

[20] Du G, Avlyanov J, Wu CY, Reimer KG, Benatar A, MacDiarmid AG, Epstein AJ, Synthetic Metals., 85, 1339 (1997)

[21] Salem MA, Turkish Journal of Physics., 27, 569 (2003)

[22] Goodall R, Weber L, Mortensen A, Journal of Applied Physics., 100, 044912 (2003)