Utilizing the colorimetric and fluorogenic changes, a system based on polydiacetylenes (PDAs) is developed for the detection of neomycin. The PDA supramolecules polymerized from the mixed liposome composed of N-(3-hydroxyphenyl)pentacosa-10,12-diynamide (PCDA-AP) and pentacosa-10,12-diynoic acid (PCDA) at an optimized ratio of 1:9 display a unique colorimetric change (blue to red) and fluorescent enhancement in the presence of neomycin. The detection limit for neomycin is estimated to be 2.55 x 10-7 M by the fluorogenic method. The optical changes induced by neomycin can be attributed to the disruption of the hydrogen bonding between phenol and carboxylic acid from PCDA-AP and PCDA.