Energy & Fuels, Vol.27, No.8, 4432-4440, 2013
Analysis of a Microplasma Fuel Reformer with a Carbon Dioxide Decomposition Reaction
Microplasmas have become increasingly attractive for activating chemical reactions because of their advantages over conventional plasma technology and catalytic processes. Advantages of reduced power requirements, atmospheric pressure operation, portability, and the circumventing of catalyst issues have made microplasmas a fascinating alternative for hydrocarbon reforming. Through the course of previous work, these microplasma reactors have displayed process and plasma variability that make characterizing the microplasma reactor challenging. In the current study, 24 experiments were run using 16 different microplasma reactors, with carbon dioxide as the only reactant. Carbon dioxide decomposition was chose because it provides a simple experimental reaction environment that eliminates the need for a carrier gas and reduces the number of undesirable products. Carbon dioxide decomposition also has potential application for greenhouse gas mitigation. For example, an array of microplasma devices on the exhaust of a fossil fuel power station or an automobile would not only reduce the amount of carbon dioxide in the air but the product, carbon monoxide, could be sued as a fuel, resulting in a reduction in net "carbon footprint". Carbon monoxide could be used in specific fuel cell types, such as solid oxide fuel cells, or in direct combustion. Despite the simplified carbon dioxide reaction chemistry, this study has revealed device variability in reaction outcomes while observed over operating lifetimes varying from 10 s to 180 min. Input electrical energy was found to have a direct link to the amount of carbon dioxide that is reformed. Variables such as repeatability, flow rate, and device dimensions were also evaluated to gain insights for the development of improved microfluidic plasma reactors.