In this study the results of investigation of engine performance and emissions characteristics of a single cylinder diesel engine fueled with biodiesel from shea butter is presented. The volumetric blending ratios of the biodiesel with petroleum diesel fuel were set as D, B20, B50, B75, and B100. The engine performance and emission were measured and evaluated. The tests indicated that while the brake specific fuel consumption and exhaust gas temperature increased with increase in engine load, the brake thermal efficiency decreased for all the fuels tested. Also while CO and NOx emissions were higher for shea butter biodiesel and its blends, HC and smoke emissions were higher for diesel. The performance and emissions characteristics indicated that no specific blend of the shea butter biodiesel exhibited superior engine performance and emission characteristics in all cases. However, the parameters were comparable to diesel fuel. Hence, the methyl esters of Vitelleria paradoxa can be successfully used in existing diesel engines, but this will require long-term and comprehensive tests.