Journal of Chemical and Engineering Data, Vol.40, No.4, 862-868, 1995
Transference Numbers of Concentrated Electrolytes and Characterization of Salt Bridges in the Ethanol Plus Water Solvent Mixtures
Electromotive force measurements have been made using the transference cells : AgAgClMCl (m(2))MCl (m(1))AgClAg and M(Hg)MCl (m(1))MCl (m(2))M(Hg) (where M = Na, K, and Cs and M(Hg) denotes a flowing M-amalgam electrode) at various molalities m(2) > m(1) of MCl salts in ethanol (1) + water (2) with ethanol mass fraction omega(1) up to 0.8. The results indicate that the ions in CsCl have approximately equal transference number from pure water up to omega(1) = 0.6 for ethanol, but at omega(1) = 0.7 the transference numbers of the ions start to differ. Also, the transference numbers of the ions in KCl in ethanol + water approach 0.5, but at omega(1) > 0.4, the KCl solubility becomes insufficient for a salt bridge function. NaCl, which is not good as a salt bridge in water, is more useful with increasing ethanol concentrations, and the transference numbers of the ions approach 0.5 at ethanol mass fraction omega(1) > 0.8.
Keywords:POTENTIALS