Sol-gel based TiO2 paste applied in screen-printed dye-sensitized solar cells and modules

Mateja Hocˇevar; Ursˇa Opara Krasˇovec; Matevzˇ Bokalic; Marko Topic; Welmoed Veurman; Henning Brandt; Andreas Hinsch

Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry, Vol.19, No.5, 1464-1469, September, 2013

DOI10.1016/j.jiec.2012.12.046 Export Citation

Sol-gel based TiO2 paste applied in screen-printed dye-sensitized solar cells and modules

Mateja Hocˇevar^†, Ursˇa Opara Krasˇovec, Matevzˇ Bokalic, Marko Topic, Welmoed Veurman¹, Henning Brandt¹, and Andreas Hinsch¹

Faculty of Electrical Engineering, University of Ljubljana, Ljubljana, Slovenia
¹Fraunhofer Institute for Solar Energy Systems ISE, Freiburg, Germany

E-mail:

A simple manufacturing process based on screen-printing is crucial for a successful commercialization of dye-sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). We developed the sol.gel based TiO2 paste in such a way that solely a single step deposition is sufficient to realize a sponge-like structure of the layer assuring its high activity in DSSCs. For the first time the sol.gel based TiO2 paste was screen printed and tested in DSSC masterplates and PV mini-modules. Electroluminescence imaging of the mini-module proved layer homogeneity and no manufacturing defects. The conversion efficiency of the PV mini-module with the active area of 75 cm2 reaches 5.7% at STC.

Keywords:Dye-sensitized solar cell;Dye-sensitized PV module;Sol-gel;TiO2 layer;Electroluminescence imaging

[References]

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Yella A, Lee HW, Tsao HN, Yi CY, Chandiran AK, Nazeeruddin MK, Diau EWG, Yeh CY, Zakeeruddin SM, Gratzel M, Science, 334(6056), 629 (2011)
Green MA, Emery K, Hishikawa Y, Warta W, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications., 19, 84 (2011)
Kroon JM, Sommeling PM, Bakker NJ, Mansom H, Hinsch A, Veurman W, Pettersson H, Gruszecki T, O’Regan BC, Sauvage F, Zakeeruddin SM, Gra¨tzel M, Palomares E, Clifford J, Martinez E, Torres T, Feigenson M, Breen B, Vallon S, Logunov S, Spratt M, in: Proceedings of 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition/5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Valencia, Spain (2010)
Nazeeruddin MK, Baranoff E, Gra¨ tzel M, Solar Energy., 85, 1172 (2011)
Krebs FC, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 93(4), 394 (2009)
Park JT, Roh DK, Chi WS, Patel R, Kim JH, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 18(1), 449 (2012)
Wang P, Zakeeruddin SM, Comte P, Charvet R, Humphry-Baker R, Gratzel M, J. Phys. Chem. B, 107(51), 14336 (2003)
Zhang Z, Ito S, O’Regan B, Kuang D, Zakeeruddin SM, Liska P, Charvet R, Comte P, Nazeeruddin MK, Pe´ chy P, Humphry-Baker R, Koyanagi T, Mizuno T, Gra¨ tzel M, Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie., 221, 319 (2007)
Sommeling PM, O'Regan BC, Haswell RR, Smit HJP, Bakker NJ, Smits JJT, Kroon JM, van Roosmalen JAM, J. Phys. Chem. B, 110(39), 19191 (2006)
Hagfeldt A, Boschloo G, Sun LC, Kloo L, Pettersson H, Chem. Rev., 110(11), 6595 (2010)
Vesce L, Riccitelli R, Soscia G, Brown TM, Carlo AD, Reale A, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids., 356, 1958 (2010)
Hocˇevar M, Opara Krasˇovec U, Berginc M, Drazˇic´ G, Hauptman N, Topic M, Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology., 48, 156 (2008)
Krasovec UO, Berginc M, Hocevar M, Topic M, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 93(3), 379 (2009)
Hocˇevar M, Berginc M, Topicˇ M, Opara Krasˇovec U, Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology., 53, 647 (2010)
Wienke J, Kroon JM, Sommeling PM, Kinderman R, Spa¨th M, Roosmalen JAMV, Sinke WC, Baumga¨ rtner S, in: Proceedings of 14th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Barcelona, Spain (1997)
Hinsch A, Veurman W, Brandt H, Aguirre RL, Bialecka K, Jensen KF, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications., 20, 698 (2012)
Sastrawan R, Beier J, Belledin U, Hemming S, Hinsch A, Kern R, Vetter C, Petrat FM, Prodi-Schwab A, Lechner P, Hoffmann W, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications., 14, 697 (2006)
Veurman W, Brandt H, Aguirre RL, Bialecka K, Hinsch A, in: Proceedings of 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition/5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Valencia, Spain (2010)
Bokalicˇ M, Opara Krasˇovec U, Topicˇ M, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.2224. (2012)
Bokalicˇ M, Opara Krasˇovec U, Hocˇevar M, Topicˇ M, 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, doi:10.1109/PVSC.2012.6317882.
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Kirchartz T, Mattheis J, Rau U, Physical Review B., 78, 1 (2008)
Chen X, Mao SS, Chem. Rev., 107(7), 2891 (2007)
Kalyanasundaram K, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, EPFL Press, Lausanne (2010)
Topic M, Campa A, Filipic M, Berginc M, Krasovec UO, Smole F, Curr. Appl. Phys., 10(3), S425 (2010)
Ni M, Leung MKH, Leung DYC, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 86(1), 35 (2008)
Nazeeruddin MK, Kay A, Rodicio I, Humphry-Baker R, Muller E, Liska P, Vlachopoulos N, Gra¨ tzel M, Journal of the American Chemical Society., 115, 6382 (1993)

[Referenced By]

[1] O’Regan B, Gra¨ tzel M, Nature., 353, 737 (1991)

[2] Yella A, Lee HW, Tsao HN, Yi CY, Chandiran AK, Nazeeruddin MK, Diau EWG, Yeh CY, Zakeeruddin SM, Gratzel M, Science, 334(6056), 629 (2011)

[3] Green MA, Emery K, Hishikawa Y, Warta W, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications., 19, 84 (2011)

[4] Kroon JM, Sommeling PM, Bakker NJ, Mansom H, Hinsch A, Veurman W, Pettersson H, Gruszecki T, O’Regan BC, Sauvage F, Zakeeruddin SM, Gra¨tzel M, Palomares E, Clifford J, Martinez E, Torres T, Feigenson M, Breen B, Vallon S, Logunov S, Spratt M, in: Proceedings of 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition/5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Valencia, Spain (2010)

[5] Nazeeruddin MK, Baranoff E, Gra¨ tzel M, Solar Energy., 85, 1172 (2011)

[6] Krebs FC, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 93(4), 394 (2009)

[7] Park JT, Roh DK, Chi WS, Patel R, Kim JH, J. Ind. Eng. Chem., 18(1), 449 (2012)

[8] Wang P, Zakeeruddin SM, Comte P, Charvet R, Humphry-Baker R, Gratzel M, J. Phys. Chem. B, 107(51), 14336 (2003)

[9] Zhang Z, Ito S, O’Regan B, Kuang D, Zakeeruddin SM, Liska P, Charvet R, Comte P, Nazeeruddin MK, Pe´ chy P, Humphry-Baker R, Koyanagi T, Mizuno T, Gra¨ tzel M, Zeitschrift fur Physikalische Chemie., 221, 319 (2007)

[10] Sommeling PM, O'Regan BC, Haswell RR, Smit HJP, Bakker NJ, Smits JJT, Kroon JM, van Roosmalen JAM, J. Phys. Chem. B, 110(39), 19191 (2006)

[11] Hagfeldt A, Boschloo G, Sun LC, Kloo L, Pettersson H, Chem. Rev., 110(11), 6595 (2010)

[12] Vesce L, Riccitelli R, Soscia G, Brown TM, Carlo AD, Reale A, Journal of Non-Crystalline Solids., 356, 1958 (2010)

[13] Hocˇevar M, Opara Krasˇovec U, Berginc M, Drazˇic´ G, Hauptman N, Topic M, Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology., 48, 156 (2008)

[14] Krasovec UO, Berginc M, Hocevar M, Topic M, Sol. Energy Mater. Sol. Cells, 93(3), 379 (2009)

[15] Hocˇevar M, Berginc M, Topicˇ M, Opara Krasˇovec U, Journal of Sol-Gel Science and Technology., 53, 647 (2010)

[16] Wienke J, Kroon JM, Sommeling PM, Kinderman R, Spa¨th M, Roosmalen JAMV, Sinke WC, Baumga¨ rtner S, in: Proceedings of 14th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition, Barcelona, Spain (1997)

[17] Hinsch A, Veurman W, Brandt H, Aguirre RL, Bialecka K, Jensen KF, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications., 20, 698 (2012)

[18] Sastrawan R, Beier J, Belledin U, Hemming S, Hinsch A, Kern R, Vetter C, Petrat FM, Prodi-Schwab A, Lechner P, Hoffmann W, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications., 14, 697 (2006)

[19] Veurman W, Brandt H, Aguirre RL, Bialecka K, Hinsch A, in: Proceedings of 25th European Photovoltaic Solar Energy Conference and Exhibition/5th World Conference on Photovoltaic Energy Conversion, Valencia, Spain (2010)

[20] Bokalicˇ M, Opara Krasˇovec U, Topicˇ M, Progress in Photovoltaics: Research and Applications, http://dx.doi.org/10.1002/pip.2224. (2012)

[21] Bokalicˇ M, Opara Krasˇovec U, Hocˇevar M, Topicˇ M, 38th IEEE Photovoltaic Specialists Conference, doi:10.1109/PVSC.2012.6317882.

[22] Trupke T, Wurfel P, Uhlendorf I, Lauermann I, J. Phys. Chem. B, 103(11), 1905 (1999)

[23] Kirchartz T, Mattheis J, Rau U, Physical Review B., 78, 1 (2008)

[24] Chen X, Mao SS, Chem. Rev., 107(7), 2891 (2007)

[25] Kalyanasundaram K, Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells, EPFL Press, Lausanne (2010)

[26] Topic M, Campa A, Filipic M, Berginc M, Krasovec UO, Smole F, Curr. Appl. Phys., 10(3), S425 (2010)

[27] Ni M, Leung MKH, Leung DYC, Can. J. Chem. Eng., 86(1), 35 (2008)

[28] Nazeeruddin MK, Kay A, Rodicio I, Humphry-Baker R, Muller E, Liska P, Vlachopoulos N, Gra¨ tzel M, Journal of the American Chemical Society., 115, 6382 (1993)