화학공학소재연구정보센터
홈 로그인 로그아웃 연락처 사이트맵
Korean Journal of Chemical Engineering, Vol.30, No.9, 1667-1680, September, 2013
DOI10.1007/s11814-013-0140-6  Export Citation
Synthesis of metal-organic frameworks: A mini review
Yu-Ri Lee, Jun Kim, and Wha-Seung Ahn†
  • Department of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Inha University, Incheon 402-751, Korea
E-mail:
Metal organic frameworks (MOFs) are porous crystalline materials of one-, two-, or three-dimensional networks constructed from metal ions/clusters and multidentate organic linkers via coordination bonding, which are emerging as an important group of materials for energy storage, CO2 adsorption, alkane/alkene separation, and catalysis. To introduce newcomers in chemical engineering discipline to the rapidly expanding MOF research works, this review presents a brief introduction to the currently available MOFs synthesis methods. Starting from the conventional solvothermal/hydrothermal synthesis, microwave-assisted, sonochemical, electrochemical, mechanochemical, ionothermal, drygel conversion, and microfluidic synthesis methods will be presented. Examples will be limited to those representative MOF structures that can be synthesized using common organic ligands of 1,4-benzenedicarboxylic acid (and its functionalized forms) and 1,3,5-benzenetricarboxylic acid, in conjunction with metal nodes of Zn2+, Cu2+, Cr3+, Al3+, Fe3+ and Zr4+. Synthesis of widely-investigated zeolitic imidazolate framework (ZIF) structure, ZIF-8 is also included.
Keywords:Metal Organic Frameworks (MOFs);Zeolitic Imidazolate Frameworks (ZIFs);Solvothermal/Hydrothermal Synthesis;Microwave;Sonochemistry;Electrochemical Synthesis;Mechanochemical Synthesis
  1. Long JR, Yaghi OM, Chem. Soc. Rev., 38, 1213 (2009)
  2. Eddaoudi M, Moler DB, Li H, Acc. Chem. Res., 34, 319 (2001)
  3. Tranchemontagne DJ, Mendoza-Cortes JL, O’Keeffe M, Yaghi OM, Chem. Soc. Rev., 38, 1257 (2009)
  4. Li JR, Kuppler RJ, Zhou HC, Chem. Soc. Rev., 38, 1477 (2009)
  5. Czaja AU, Trukhan N, Muller U, Chem. Soc. Rev., 38, 1284 (2009)
  6. Morris RE, Wheatley PS, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 47, 4966 (2008)
  7. Hu YH, Zhang L, Adv. Mater., 22(20), E117 (2010)
  8. Zhao D, Yuan DQ, Sun DF, Zhou HC, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131(26), 9186 (2009)
  9. Yuan D, Zhao D, Sun D, Zhou HC, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 49, 5357 (2010)
  10. Rowsell JLC, Spencer EC, Eckert J, Howard JAK, Yaghi OM, Science., 309, 1350 (2005)
  11. Ferey G, Latroche M, Serre C, Millange F, Loiseau T, Guegan AP, Chem. Commun., 2976 (2003)
  12. Kitaura R, Seki K, Akiyama G, Kitagawa S, Angew. Chem.Int. Ed., 42, 428 (2003)
  13. Yang DA, Cho HY, Kim J, Yang ST, Ahn WS, Energy Environ. Sci., 5, 6465 (2012)
  14. Haque E, Lee JE, Jang IT, Hwang YK, Chang JS, Jegal J, Jhung SH, J. Hazard. Mater., 181(1-3), 535 (2010)
  15. Haque E, Jun JW, Jhung SH, J. Hazard. Mater., 185, 507 (2011)
  16. Jhung SH, Lee JH, Yoon JW, Serre C, Ferey G, Chang JS, Adv. Mater., 19(1), 121 (2007)
  17. Bhattacharjee S, Yang DA, Ahn WS, Chem. Commun., 47, 3637 (2011)
  18. Kim J, Kim SN, Jang HG, Seo G, Ahn WS, Appl. Catal.A: Gen., 453, 175 (2013)
  19. Lee JY, Farha OK, Roberts J, Scheidt KA, Nguyen ST, Hupp JT, Chem. Soc. Rev., 38, 1450 (2009)
  20. Achmann S, Hagen G, Kita J, Malkowsky IM, Kiener C, Moos R, Sensors., 9, 1574 (2009)
  21. Humphrey SM, Wood PT, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 126(41), 13236 (2004)
  22. Horcajada P, Chalati T, Serre C, Gillet B, Sebrie C, Baati T, Eubank JF, Heurtaux D, Clayette P, Kreuz C, Chang JS, Hwang YK, Marsaud V, Bories PN, Cynober L, Gil S, Ferey G, Couvreur P, Gref R, Nat. Mater., 9(2), 172 (2010)
  23. Khan NA, Haque MM, Jhung SH, Eur. J. Inorg. Chem., 4975 (2010)
  24. Rocha J, Carlos LD, Paz FAA, Ananias D, Chem. Soc. Rev., 40, 926 (2011)
  25. Jhung SH, Khan NA, Hasan Z, CrystEngComm., 14, 7099 (2012)
  26. Stock N, Biswas S, Chem. Rev., 112(2), 933 (2012)
  27. Choi JS, Son WJ, Kim J, Ahn WS, Micropor. Mesopor.Mater., 116, 727 (2008)
  28. Cho HY, Yang DA, Kim J, Jeong SY, Ahn WS, Catal. Today, 185(1), 35 (2012)
  29. Son WJ, Kim J, Kim J, Ahn WS, Chem. Commun., 6336 (2008)
  30. Jung DW, Yang DA, Kim J, Kim J, Ahn WS, Dalton Trans., 39, 2883 (2010)
  31. Kim J, Yang ST, Choi SB, Sim J, Kim J, Ahn WS, J. Mater.Chem., 21, 3070 (2011)
  32. Mueller U, Schubert M, Teich F, Puetter H, Schierle-Arndt K, Pastre J, J. Mater. Chem., 16, 626 (2006)
  33. Hartmann M, Kunz S, Himsl D, Tangermann O, Ernst S, Wagener A, Langmuir, 24(16), 8634 (2008)
  34. Friscic T, Reid DG, Halasz I, Stein RS, Dinnebier RE, Duer MJ, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 49, 712 (2010)
  35. Klimakow M, Klobes P, Thuunemann AF, Rademann K, Emmerling F, Chem. Mater., 22, 5216 (2010)
  36. Kim J, Kim SH, Yang ST, Ahn WS, Micropor. Mesopor.Mater., 161, 48 (2012)
  37. Cho HY, Kim J, Kim SN, Ahn WS, Micropor. Mesopor.Mater., 169, 180 (2013)
  38. Li H, Eddaoudi M, O’Keeffe M, Yaghi OM, Nature., 402, 276 (1999)
  39. Millward AR, Yaghi OM, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 127(51), 17998 (2005)
  40. Phan NTS, Le KKA, Phan TD, Appl. Catal. A: Gen., 382(2), 246 (2010)
  41. Chui SSY, Lo SMF, Charmant JPH, Orpen AG, Williams ID, Science, 283(5405), 1148 (1999)
  42. Ferey G, Drazniekes CM, Serre C, Millange F, Dutour J, Surble S, Margiolaki I, Science., 309, 2040 (2005)
  43. Hwang YK,Hong DY, Chang JS, Jhung SH, Seo YK, Kim J, Vimony A, Daturi M, Serre C, Ferey G, Angew. Chem.Int. Ed., 47, 4144 (2008)
  44. Kim J, Bhattacharjee S, Jeong KE, Jeong SY, Ahn WS, Chem. Commun., 3904 (2009)
  45. Horcajada P, Serre C, Regi MV, Sebban M, Taulelle F, Ferey G, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 45, 5974 (2006)
  46. Henschel A, Gedrich K, Kraehnertb R, Kaskel S, Chem. Commun., 4192 (2008)
  47. Gascon J, Aktay U, Hernandez-Alonso MD, van Klink GPM, Kapteijn F, J. Catal., 261(1), 75 (2009)
  48. Britt D, Furukawa H, Wang B, Glover TG, Yaghi OM, PNAS., 106, 20637 (2009)
  49. Caskey SR, Wong-Foy AG, Matzger AJ, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 130(33), 10870 (2008)
  50. Serre C, Millange F, Thouvenot C, Nogues M, Marsolier G, Louer D, Ferey G, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 124(45), 13519 (2002)
  51. Couck S, Denayer JFM, Baron GV, Remy T, Gascon J, Kapteijn F, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131(18), 6326 (2009)
  52. Kim J, Kim WY, Ahn WS, Fuel., 102, 574 (2012)
  53. Horcajada P, Surble S, Serre C, Hong DY, Seo YK, Chang JS, Greneche JM, Margiolaki I, Ferey G, Chem. Commun., 2820 (2007)
  54. Kim M, Cohen SM, CrystEngComm., 14, 4096 (2012)
  55. Park KS, Ni Z, Cote AP, Choi JY, Huang R, Uribe-Romo FJ, Chae HK, O’Keeffe M, Yaghi OM, PNAS., 103, 10186 (2006)
  56. Banerjee R, Phan A, Wang B, Knobler C, Furukawa H, O’Keeffe M, Yaghi OM, Science., 319, 939 (2008)
  57. Eddaoudi M, Kim J, Rosi N, Vodak D, Wachter J, O’Keeffe M, Yaghi OM, Science., 295, 469 (2002)
  58. Abid HR, Tian H, Ang HM, Tade MO, Buckley CE, Wang S, Chem. Eng. J., 187, 415 (2012)
  59. Taylor-Pashow KML, Della Rocca J, Xie ZG, Tran S, Lin WB, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 131(40), 14261 (2009)
  60. Ni Z, Masel RI, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 128(38), 12394 (2006)
  61. Seo YK, Hundal G, Jang IT, Hwang YK, Jun CH, Chang JS, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 119, 331 (2009)
  62. Jhung SH, Lee JH, Chang JS, Bull. Korean Chem. Soc., 26, 880 (2005)
  63. Park JH, Park SH, Jhung SH, J. Korean Chem. Soc., 53, 553 (2009)
  64. Li ZQ, Qiu LQ, Su T, Wu Y, Wang W, Wu ZY, Jiang X, Mater. Lett., 63, 78 (2009)
  65. Joaristi AM, Juan-AlcanÞiz J, Serra-Crespo P, Kapteijn F, Gascon J, Cryst. Growth Des., 12, 3489 (2012)
  66. Pichon A, James SL, CrystEngComm., 10, 1839 (2008)
  67. Beldon PJ, Fabian L, Stein RS, Thirumurugan A, Cheetham AK, Friscic T, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 49, 9640 (2010)
  68. Stock N, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 129, 287 (2010)
  69. Kim D, Lee TB, Choi SB, Yoon JH, Kim J, Choi SH, Chem. Phys. Lett., 420(1-3), 256 (2006)
  70. Tranchemontagne DJ, Hunt JR, Yaghi OM, Tetrahedron., 64, 8553 (2008)
  71. Hong DY, Hwang YK, Serre C, Ferey G, Chang JS, Adv. Funct. Mater., 19(10), 1537 (2009)
  72. Pan Y, Yuan B, Li Y, He D, Chem. Commun., 46, 2280 (2010)
  73. Yang J, Zhao Q, Li J, Dong J, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 130, 174 (2010)
  74. Khan NA, Kang IJ, Seok HY, Jhung SH, Chem. Eng. J., 166(3), 1152 (2011)
  75. Loiseau T, Serre C, Huguenard C, Fink G, Taulelle F, Henry M, Bataille T, Ferey G, Chem. Eur. J., 10, 1373 (2004)
  76. Ramsahye NA, Maurin G, Bourrelly S, Llewellyn P, Loiseau T, Ferey G, Phys. Chem. Chem. Phys., 9, 1059 (2007)
  77. Kandiah M, Nilsen MH, Usseglio S, Jakobsen S, Olsbye U, Tilset M, Larabi C, Quadrelli EA, Bonino F, Lillerud KP, Chem. Mater., 22, 6632 (2010)
  78. Wang QM, Shen D, Bulow B, Lau ML, Deng S, Fitch FR, Lemcoff NO, Semanscin J, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 55, 217 (2002)
  79. Schlichte K, Kratzke T, Kaskel S, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 73, 81 (2004)
  80. Mateovic T, Kriznar B, Bogataj M, Mrhar A, J. Microencapsul., 19(1), 29 (2002)
  81. Kim J, Cho HY, Ahn WS, Catal. Survey Asia., 16, 106 (2012)
  82. Tian YQ, Cai CX, Ji Y, You XZ, Peng SM, Lee GH, Angew. Chem., Int. Ed., 41, 1384 (2002)
  83. Banerjee R, Phan A, Wang B, Knobler C, Furukawa H, O’Keeffe M, Yaghi OM, Science., 319, 939 (2008)
  84. Wu H, Zhou W, Yildirim T, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 129(17), 5314 (2007)
  85. Assfour B, Leoni S, Seifer G, J. Phys. Chem. C., 114, 13381 (2010)
  86. Tran UPN, Le KKA, Phan NTS, ACS Catal., 1, 120 (2011)
  87. Miralda CM, Macias EE, Zhu M, Ratnasamy P, Carreon MA, ACS Catal., 2, 180 (2012)
  88. Park SE, Chang JS, Hwang YK, Kim DS, Jhung SH, Hwang JS, Catal. Survey Asia., 8, 91 (2004)
  89. Jhung SH, Chang JS, Hwang JS, Park SE, Micropor.Mesopor. Mater., 64, 33 (2003)
  90. Jhung SH, Lee JH, Yoon JW, Hwang JS, Park SE, Chang JS, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 80, 147 (2005)
  91. Kang KK, Park CH, Ahn WS, Catal. Lett., 59(1), 45 (1999)
  92. Jhung SH, Chang JS, Hwang YK, Park SE, J. Mater.Chem., 14, 280 (2004)
  93. Hwang YK, Chang JS, Park SE, Kim DS, Kwon YU, Jhung SH, Hwang JS, Park MS, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 44, 557 (2005)
  94. Kerner R, Palchik O, Gedanken A, Chem. Mater., 13, 1413 (2001)
  95. Xu YP, Tian ZJ, Wang SJ, Hu Y, Wang L, Wang BC, Ma YC, Hou L, Yu JY, Lin LW, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 45, 3965 (2006)
  96. Jhung SH, Lee JH, Yoon JW, Serre C, Ferey G, Chang JS, Adv. Mater., 19(1), 121 (2007)
  97. Schlesinger M, Schulze S, Hietschold M, Mehring M, Micropor. Mesopor. Mater., 132, 121 (2010)
  98. Suslick KS, Choe SB, Cichowlas AA, Grinstaff MW, Nature., 353, 414 (1991)
  99. Gedanken A, Ultrason. Sonochem., 11, 47 (2004)
  100. Suslick KS, Hammerton DA, Cline RE, J. Am. Chem.Soc., 108, 5641 (1986)
  101. Gross AF, Sherman E, Vajo JJ, Dalton Trans., 41, 5458 (2012)
  102. Zhang ZJ, Xian SK, Xi HX, Wang HH, Li Z, Chem. Eng. Sci., 66(20), 4878 (2011)
  103. Farrusseng D, Metal-Organic Frameworks-Applications from Catalysis to Gas Storage, Wiley VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim (2011)
  104. Mueller U, Puetter H, Hesse M, Wessel H, PCT Patent, 049,892 (2005)
  105. Richter I, Schubert M, Muller U, PCT Patent, 131,955 (2007)
  106. Pichon A, Lazuen-Garay A, James SL, CrystEngComm., 8, 211 (2006)
  107. Friscic T, J. Mater. Chem., 20, 7599 (2010)
  108. Lazuen-Garay A, Pichon A, James SL, Chem. Soc. Rev., 36, 846 (2007)
  109. Sakamoto H, Matsuda R, Kitagawa S, Dalton Trans., 41, 3956 (2012)
  110. Friscic T, Fabian L, CrystEngComm., 11, 743 (2009)
  111. Beldon PJ, Fabian L, Stein RS, Thirumurugan A, Cheetham AK, Friscic T, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 49, 9640 (2010)
  112. Liu L, Wei H, Zhang L, Li J, Dong J, Stud. Surf. Sci. Catal., 174, 459 (2008)
  113. Himeur F, Stein I, Wragg DS, Slawin AMZ, Lightfoot P, Morris RE, Solid State Sci., 12, 418 (2010)
  114. Kim SH, Yang ST, Kim J, Ahn WS, Bull. Korean Chem.Soc., 32, 2783 (2011)
  115. Zhang J, Wu T, Chen S, Feng P, Bu X, Angew. Chem. Int.Ed., 48, 3486 (2009)
  116. Lin ZJ, Slawin AMZ, Morris RE, J. Am. Chem. Soc., 129(16), 4880 (2007)
  117. Schoenecker PM, Belancik GA, Grabicka BE, Walton KS, AIChE J., 59(4), 1255 (2013)
  118. Ameloot R, Vermoortele F, Vanhove W, Roeffaers MBJ, Sels BF, De Vos DE, Nature Chem., 3, 382 (2011)
  119. Witters D, Vergauwe N, Ameloot R, Vermeir S, De Vos D, Puers R, Sels B, Lammertyn J, Adv. Mater., 24(10), 1316 (2012)
  120. Xu W, Dong J, Li J, Wu F, J. Chem. Soc. Chem. Commun., 755 (1990)
  121. Koekkoek AJJ, Degirmenci V, Hensen EJM, J. Mater.Chem., 21, 9279 (2011)
  122. Matsukata M, Ogura M, Osaki T, Rao PRHP, Nomura M, Kikuchi E, Topics in Catal., 9, 77 (1999)
  123. Shi Q, Chen Z, Song Z, Li J, Dong J, Angew. Chem. Int. Ed., 50, 672 (2011)
  124. Ahmed I, Jeon J, Khan NA, Jhung SH, Cryst. Growth Des., 12, 5878 (2012)