Investigation on the thermal oxidative aging mechanism and lifetime prediction of butyl rubber

Kewei Xiang; Guangsu Huang; Jing Zheng; Xiaoan Wang; Jingyun Huang

Macromolecular Research, Vol.21, No.1, 10-16, January, 2013

DOI10.1007/s13233-012-0174-3 Export Citation

Investigation on the thermal oxidative aging mechanism and lifetime prediction of butyl rubber

Kewei Xiang, Guangsu Huang^†, Jing Zheng, Xiaoan Wang, and Jingyun Huang

State Key Laboratory of Polymer Material Engineering, College of Polymer Science and Engineering, Sichuan University, Chengdu, 610065, P. R. China

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Accelerated thermal aging experiments were conducted on butyl rubber materials in order to investigate aging behavior using X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), positron annihilation lifetime spectroscopy (PALS), and differential scanning calometry (DSC). The XPS results suggested that the thermal oxidation process took place heterogeneously along the samples thicknesses. The aging mechanism was identified to be crosslinking by means of the combined use of PALS and DSC results. Lifetime and intensity of ortho-positronium (o-ps) diminished, and the glass transition temperature (T g ) increased during aging. The dispersion condition of silica particles, observed by SEM images, showed that the filler agglomerated after aging. Time temperature superposition was carried out using compression set measurements in the temperature range of 100 to 60 °C. The Arrhenius plot clearly exhibited a curvature around 75 °C, and the activation energy dropped from 126.7 to 58.8 kJ/mol across this region. Relative importance of different processes, over the entire temperature range, was discussed; lifetime at room temperature was predicted.

Keywords:butyl rubber;thermal oxidative aging;compression set measurements;lifetime prediction;diffusion limited oxidation

[References]

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Burugeac P, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 47, 129 (1995)
Kahlen S, Wallner GM, Lang RW, Solar Energy., 84, 755 (2010)
Wise J, Gillen KT, Clough RL, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 49, 403 (1995)
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Gillen KT, Assink RA, Bernstein R, Celina M, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 91, 1273 (2006)
Celina M, Elliott JMS, Winters ST, Assink RA, Minier LM, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 91, 1870 (2006)
Gillen KT, Celina M, Bernstein R, Polym. Degrad.Stab., 82, 25 (2003)
Morrell PR, Patel M, Skinner AR, Polym. Test., 22, 651 (2003)
Patel M, Skinner AR, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 73, 399 (2001)
Dakin TW, Electra-Technol., 66, 123 (1960)
Dakin TW, Trans. AIEE., 67, 113 (1984)
Billingham NC, Bott DC, Manke AS, in Developments in Polymer Degradation, N. Grassie, Ed., Applied Science, London, 63 (1981)
Howard JB, Gilroy HM, Polym. Eng. Sci., 15, 26 (1975)
Gugumus F, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 63, 41 (1999)
Achimsky L, Audouin L, Verdu J, Rychly J, Matisova-Rychla L, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 58, 283 (1997)
Clough RL, Gillen KT, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 38, 47 (1992)
Mattson B, Stenberg B, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 41, 211 (1993)
Gillen KT, Clough RL, Polymer., 33, 4358 (1992)
Wise J, Gillen KT, Clough RL, Polymer, 38(8), 1929 (1997)
Wise J, Gillen KT, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 49, 565 (1997)

[Referenced By]

[1] Gillen KT, Celina M, Bernstein R, Shedd M, Polym Degrad. Stab., 91, 3197 (2006)

[2] Burugeac P, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 47, 129 (1995)

[3] Kahlen S, Wallner GM, Lang RW, Solar Energy., 84, 755 (2010)

[4] Wise J, Gillen KT, Clough RL, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 49, 403 (1995)

[5] Gillen KT, Assink RA, Bernstein R, Polym. Degrad.Stab., 84, 419 (2004)

[6] Gillen KT, Assink RA, Bernstein R, Celina M, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 91, 1273 (2006)

[7] Celina M, Elliott JMS, Winters ST, Assink RA, Minier LM, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 91, 1870 (2006)

[8] Gillen KT, Celina M, Bernstein R, Polym. Degrad.Stab., 82, 25 (2003)

[9] Morrell PR, Patel M, Skinner AR, Polym. Test., 22, 651 (2003)

[10] Patel M, Skinner AR, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 73, 399 (2001)

[11] Dakin TW, Electra-Technol., 66, 123 (1960)

[12] Dakin TW, Trans. AIEE., 67, 113 (1984)

[13] Billingham NC, Bott DC, Manke AS, in Developments in Polymer Degradation, N. Grassie, Ed., Applied Science, London, 63 (1981)

[14] Howard JB, Gilroy HM, Polym. Eng. Sci., 15, 26 (1975)

[15] Gugumus F, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 63, 41 (1999)

[16] Achimsky L, Audouin L, Verdu J, Rychly J, Matisova-Rychla L, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 58, 283 (1997)

[17] Clough RL, Gillen KT, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 38, 47 (1992)

[18] Mattson B, Stenberg B, Polym. Degrad. Stab., 41, 211 (1993)

[19] Gillen KT, Clough RL, Polymer., 33, 4358 (1992)

[20] Wise J, Gillen KT, Clough RL, Polymer, 38(8), 1929 (1997)

[21] Wise J, Gillen KT, Radiat. Phys. Chem., 49, 565 (1997)