The oxidative dehydrogenation of n-butane on supported vanadium catalysts has been studied. Al2O3, sepiolite, hydrotalcite (Mg/Al atomic ratio of 3.0), and MgO were used as supports, The vanadium content of supported catalysts was varied to obtain dispersed vanadium species. The strength and number of Lewis acid sites (determined by FTIR of adsorbed pyridine) decreases in the following trend : V/Al2O3 > V/Sepiolite > V/hydrotalcite > V/MgO. V-51 NM spectroscopy indicates that tetrahedral V5+-species (with different distortion degree and/or environment) are the main vanadium species, Temperature-programmed reduction results show that the reducibility of catalysts, determined from the onset temperature of Hz-consumption, decreases in the order V/Al2O3) > V/MgO (first peak) > V/Sepiolite > V/MgO (second peak) approximate to V/hydrotalcite. The catalytic activity for n-butane oxidation follows a trend similar to that observed in TPR, concluding that the catalytic activity is related to the reducibility of surface vanadium species in the catalysts. However, the selectivity to dehydrogenated products, as well as the distribution of C-4-olefins, can be tentatively related to the acid-base character of catalysts, Thus, the selectivities to 1-butene and butadiene decrease in the order V/MgO > V/Hydrotalcite > V/Sepiolite > V/Al2O3, while the selectivities to 2-butene and carbon oxides present the opposite trend.