화학공학소재연구정보센터
Journal of Applied Polymer Science, Vol.76, No.11, 1691-1705, 2000
Transport parameters and solubility coefficients of polymers at their class transition temperatures
Many parameters of polymers exhibit breaks when temperature passes through glass transition. It is also often assumed that fractional free volume (FFV) at the glass transition temperature (T-g) has a standard value (the isofree volume concept). As gas diffusion (D) and permeability (P) coefficients depend on FFV, and mechanism of sorption and permeation is different above and below T-g, a question can be asked if D and P parameters of various gases in polymers have standard values at corresponding T-g, and, if not, how the values of D(T-g) and P(T-g) vary with T-g in different polymers. To examine this problem, two approaches were used: (1) extrapolation to T-g of numerous P and D values measured at ambient temperatures; (2) an analysis of direct data obtained in different polymers at their T-g. In both cases, qualitatively similar results were obtained: the D(T-g) and P(T-g) values increase with growing T-g independently of the nature of gas. Permselectivity P-i(T-g)/P-j(T-g) and selectivity of diffusion D-i(T-g)/D-j(T-g) are reduced when T-g increases. The dependence of the solubility coefficients S(T-g) = D(T-g)/P(T-g) is much weaker than those of D(T-g) and P(T-g). This conclusion was confirmed by the results of direct measurements of S in a wide range of temperature including T-g, for several gas/polymer systems. An analysis of the results of positron annihilation studies of free volume in polymers led to the conclusion that the observed increases in the D(T-g) and P(T-g) values with T-g are caused mainly by thermal activation of diffusion processes at T-g. (C) 2000 John Wiley & Sons, Inc.