Solar Energy Materials and Solar Cells, Vol.93, No.12, 2056-2061, 2009
Cycle test and degradation analysis of WO(3)/PC+LiClO(4)/CeO(2)center dot TiO(2) electrochromic device
We fabricated an electrochromic full cell device adopting WO(3) as a working electrode, and 1 M LiClO(4) in PC with 3% water addition as an electrolyte and CeO(2)center dot TiO(2) with various thicknesses as an ion storage layer. CeO(2)center dot TiO(2) with less than 100 nm shows large charge density but the long-term cyclability is not good due to lithium ion diffusion into ITO thin film. Therefore, the thickness of CeO(2)center dot TiO(2) ion storage layer should be coated at more than 200 mm/min. Long-term cycle test results show that CeO(2)center dot TiO(2) ion storage layer with more than 150 nm thickness and two time coating enhance the long-term stability. SIMS analysis results show that the degradation is due to the remaining lithium ion in the working electrode, WO(3). (C) 2009 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.
Keywords:Cycle test;Long-term stability;Electrochromic device;Ion storage layer;CeO(2)center dot TiO(2);Lithium ion diffusion