Titania nanotubes were fabricated by anodization of titanium foil bonded to fluorine-doped tin oxidecoated glass (FTO) by an adhesion layer of low-melting-temperature metals. The bonding layer characteristics depended on pressure and ambient environment The bonding composition. similar to lead-free solder and the addition of antimony improved wetting further This process presents a rapid, low-cost method for obtaining high-quality. anodizable Ti foil on FTO. (C) 2008 Published by Elsevier B.V.