Membrane emulsification has received increasing attention over the last 10 years, with potential applications in many fields. In the membrane emulsification process, a liquid phase is pressed through the membrane pores to form droplets at the permeate side of a membrane; the droplets are then carried away by a continuous phase flowing along the membrane surface. The microchannel emulsification process was introduced in 1997 and is very similar to the membrane emulsification process. The oil phase or water phase is pressed under pressure through a microfabricated channel array to form o/w or w/o emulsions in the continuous phase flow. Under specific conditions, monodispersed emulsions can be produced using these techniques. The purpose of the present paper is to provide a review on the membrane emulsification and the microchannel emulsification processes, including: fundamentals, previous reviews on the subject, influence of process parameters, industrial applications, and small-scale applications: drug delivery systems, food emulsions, and monodispersed microspheres. The advantages and drawbacks of these emulsification processes are underlined.