Studies have been conducted with respect to the generation of fine-disperse aerosols with the use of an explosive disperser model based on hydrodynamic shock tube. The physicomathematical model for the process of explosive dispersion with the aforesaid design is described [1]. The use of elements in the model design to produce cavitation bubbles under the action of shock wave and ensurance of slower outflow process of a water-steam mixture makes it possible to obtain liquid disperse aerosols. The experimental results for aerosol disperse parameters and the processes of initiation and propagation of an aerosol cloud produced upon explosive dispersion of a variety of liquids and condensed powders are presented. Pressure values in the combustion chamber of the disperser, velocity of aerosol particles, and aerosol disperse parameters were obtained. The design of the explosive disperser with a nozzle, which provides favorable conditions for cavitation processes inside the dispersed liquid, is shown to allow the generation of a high dispersity aerosol (about 1-100 nm), which is essential for many practical problems. The function of distribution of such particles by size cannot be measured reliably and directly by methods available; however, indirect experiments (measurement of humidity when dispersing water) permit estimating the existence of particles in the aerosol with sizes below 1 mu m in quantity of approx. 90%.