Since 2007, the US Occupational Safety and Health Administration (OSHA) has initiated two major national emphasis programs (NEPs) in process safety. The Petroleum Refinery Process Safety Management (PSM) NEP (Refinery NEP) was effective on June 7, 2007; the PSM Covered Chemical Facilities NEP (Chemical NEP) was effective on July 27, 2009. This article provides an update on the findings of these NEPs, including specific items cited and challenges encountered. Published 2011 American Institute of Chemical Engineers Process Saf Prog 30: 303-306, 2011