Graft polymerization of methacrylic acid (MAA) to loomstate cotton fabric using the KMnO4/thioureadioxide system as the initiator was studied under different polymerization conditions. The polymerization reaction was assessed with respect to graft yield, homopolymer, total conversion, and graft efficiency. The magnitude of each of these characteristics was found to depend upon parameters such as concentrations of KMnO4, thioureadioxide, and MAA as well as liquor ratio, reaction time, and temperature of polymerization. Based on a detailed investigation of these parameters, the optimal condition for grafting is KMnO4 0.045 g/L, thioureadioxide 0.03 g/L, material to liquor ratio 1 : 30, MAA 100% (owf), temperature 80 degrees C, and time 60 min. A reaction mechanism for the polymerization reaction is also reported.