The hydrocarbon composition and the concentration of some elements in the surface layer of bottom sediments of the Sea Okhotsk and the Sea of Japan have been comprehensively studied. The group composition of hydrocarbon structures has been analyzed, and the results have been compared with data on the distribution of some elements. It has been shown that there is correlation of the distribution of bitumenoid fractions and hydrocarbon structures of sediments with the concentration of elements that generally form coordination compounds with organic components of petroleum. The tightest correlation is observed within limited regions having similar depositional environments and the conditions of sediment transformation during diagenesis.