Nano alumina powders have been synthesized by combustion method using eight new fuels. The effectiveness of key process factors on the production of nanoparticles was investigated and optimized using Taguchi L-16 array design. The products were characterized by XRD, BET, TGA, EDX, FESEM, and TEM analyses. Results demonstrated that the nano-structured aluminum oxide powders had crystal sizes between 7.2 and 13 nm and specific surface areas between 21.0 and 70.0 m(2)/g. The synthesis of gamma-alumina was modified to achieve higher specific surface area (122.6 m(2)/g). A nano-network of powders which was woven by alumina nano-fibers was successfully fabricated by the modification route. The length and diameter of fibers were about 160 and 10 nm, respectively.