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Journal of Applied Electrochemistry, Vol.27, No.3, 243-253, 1997
The Manganese-Dioxide Electrode .13. An FTIR Study of H-Insertion into Emd
Two battery active gamma-manganese dioxides, coded R2 and IBA 19, with similar to 100% microtwinning and similar to 40% de Wolff disorder were inserted with H by chemical methods in a nonaqueous environment. Compounds with compositions varying from the starting material to the fully H-inserted material were prepared and investigated by FTIR spectroscopy. Both series of compounds exhibited little change in their FTIR patterns until an H-insertion level expressed by s in MnOnHs of s = 0.63 (R2) and s = 0.55 (IBA 19) consistent with the idea that H+ and e(-) are mobile in the structure and present as independent thermodynamic components in an ideal solid solution. Beyond this level H location occurred as evidenced by a sharp change in integrated areas of regions of the spectra associated with O-H bond formation. Simultaneously a change in the position of one of the vibrations associated with that of the [MnO6] octahedra occurred. The assignment of bands in the spectra is discussed and evidence presented using a modified cusum procedure which supports the proposal that a demicrotwinning of the structure occurs as H begins to locate and the structure expands anisotropically.
Keywords:INELASTIC NEUTRON-SCATTERING;RANGE GAMMA-MNO2;PROTON DYNAMICS;SOLID-SOLUTIONS;DELTA-MNOOH;REDUCTION;OXIDES;RUTILE;MODEL