The effect of operating parameters on the hydrodynamics of three geometrically similar Rushton turbine flotation cells with volumes of 2.25, 10 and 50 dm(3) was determined. The operating parameters investigated were superficial gas velocity (J(g)), impeller rotational speed (N), and frother (methyl isobutyl carbinol, MIBC) concentration. Mean energy dissipation values measured using Laser Doppler Velocimetry (LDV) and a torque turntable method were in good agreement. As the cell volume was increased, the mean energy dissipation was proportional to N(3)D, rather than N(3)D(2) as may be expected based on dimensional analysis. Possible reasons for this difference are discussed. Aeration resulted in a slight increase in mean energy dissipation. Bubble diameters were measured using a University of Cape Town bubble size analyzer to determine the frother concentration at which a constant bubble diameter was achieved for all operating conditions and cell volumes. The critical frother concentration was 20 ppm MIBC. The mean bubble velocity was estimated by determining the time required to achieve steady state gas holdup in the top part of the cell after commencing gas sparging. For a constant mean bubble diameter, the bubble velocity increased with increasing superficial gas velocity. As the energy dissipation was increased for a given superficial gas velocity, the bubble velocity decreased linearly until a critical energy dissipation was reached. Above this value, bubble velocity decreased only slightly. As the cell volume increased, the bubble velocity, at the same superficial gas velocity and energy dissipation, also increased. (c) 2006 Elsevier B.V All rights reserved.