Melioidosis is not a regional problem; the disease has been registered in more than 30 countries, including regions situated far beyond the bounds of endemic territory. Due to increased international travel there exists a potential opportunity for the development of melioidosis in men and animals in any country, including Russia. It is necessary to study melioidosis infection in order to work out preventive measures. Primarily, this study concerns the respiratory form of the disease, which is considered to be the most dangerous epidemic form with a high degree of lethality. The present study contains descriptions of the conditions for the production of microbe aerosols using a dynamic chamber and the main aerodynamic properties of bacterial aerosystems. The dependence of the biological concentration value on the air stream rate in a chamber and the distribution character of aerosol particles in places where animals are exposed to infection and within a longitudinal section of a chamber have been studied, and the value of the correction coefficient used by the determination of aerosol biological concentration has been calculated. As a result, the main natural development of melioidosis in white rats by respiratory contamination and the principal points of pathogenesis by various clinical variants of respiratory melioidosis have been determined.